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arp2 3 inhibitor ck666  (MedChemExpress)


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    MedChemExpress arp2 3 inhibitor ck666
    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 <t>µM</t> <t>Arp2/3</t> inhibitor <t>CK666,</t> or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.
    Arp2 3 Inhibitor Ck666, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 34 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles Carrying APOE Downregulate Filament Actin Polymerization Signaling to Inhibit Synapse Formation in Alzheimer's Disease"

    Article Title: Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles Carrying APOE Downregulate Filament Actin Polymerization Signaling to Inhibit Synapse Formation in Alzheimer's Disease

    Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

    doi: 10.1002/jev2.70248

    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 µM Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666, or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.
    Figure Legend Snippet: APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 µM Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666, or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Incubation, Activation Assay, Pull Down Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging

    Schematic model of APPNEVs carrying APOE downregulate F‐actin polymerization signaling to inhibit synapse formation in AD. During AD progression, EVs derived from APP/PS1 neurons transport APOE into healthy neurons, potentially interacting with neuronal APOE receptors (LRP1, LDLR, VLDLR) to transduction the signaling. This signaling inhibits Rac1‐GTP activation and subsequently downregulates F‐actin polymerization through the Rac1–N‐WASP–Arp2/3 pathway. Disruption of this pathway impairs mature synapse formation, ultimately converting healthy neurons into synaptically damaged neurons and exacerbating AD progression.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic model of APPNEVs carrying APOE downregulate F‐actin polymerization signaling to inhibit synapse formation in AD. During AD progression, EVs derived from APP/PS1 neurons transport APOE into healthy neurons, potentially interacting with neuronal APOE receptors (LRP1, LDLR, VLDLR) to transduction the signaling. This signaling inhibits Rac1‐GTP activation and subsequently downregulates F‐actin polymerization through the Rac1–N‐WASP–Arp2/3 pathway. Disruption of this pathway impairs mature synapse formation, ultimately converting healthy neurons into synaptically damaged neurons and exacerbating AD progression.

    Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Transduction, Activation Assay, Disruption



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    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 <t>µM</t> <t>Arp2/3</t> inhibitor <t>CK666,</t> or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.
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    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 <t>µM</t> <t>Arp2/3</t> inhibitor <t>CK666,</t> or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.
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    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 <t>µM</t> <t>Arp2/3</t> inhibitor <t>CK666,</t> or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.
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    Image Search Results


    APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 µM Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666, or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.

    Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

    Article Title: Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles Carrying APOE Downregulate Filament Actin Polymerization Signaling to Inhibit Synapse Formation in Alzheimer's Disease

    doi: 10.1002/jev2.70248

    Figure Lengend Snippet: APOE in APPNEVs impairs synapses by downregulating F‐actin polymerization signaling. (A and B) DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 10 µM Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, 5 µM N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin, 30 µM Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666, or 10 µg/mL APPNEVs. Synaptic integrity is assessed by measuring PSD95 protein expression through western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence staining (B). (C and D) To further investigate the role of APOE in APPNEVs on actin cytoskeleton regulation, DIV14 primary neurons are treated for 48 h with DMSO (Vehicle), 1 µM EZ‐482, 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, or a combination of 10 µg/mL APPNEVs and 1 µM EZ‐482 (pre‐incubated for 1 h). (C) Rac1 activation is evaluated using a pull‐down assay to isolate Rac1‐GTP, followed by western blot analysis to quantify the levels of active GTP‐bound Rac1 and total Rac1. (D) To assess Arp2/3 complex activation, neurons are immunostained for phosphorylated Arp2 (p‐Arp2). The cytoskeletal structure is visualized using phalloidin staining, while nuclei are stained with DAPI. Phosphorylation levels and cytoskeletal organization are analyzed using confocal microscopy. (E) Neurons are treated for 6 h with 10 µg/mL APPNEVs, with or without 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099, and p‐Arp2 levels are detected by western blot. (F) Neurons are incubated with APPNEVs for 48 h, followed by treatment with or without 20 nM Jasplakinolide for the final 20 min. F‐actin in neurons is visualized using phalloidin staining and z‐stack confocal imaging, and the total number of dendritic spines is quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from n = 3–5 independent experiments per condition. Statistical comparisons are performed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test, with statistical significance indicates as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. “ns” indicates no significant change.

    Article Snippet: Neurons were cultured for 14 DIV (days in vitro) and treated with 10 μg/mL APPNEVs or WTNEVs, 1 μM of the APOE inhibitor EZ‐482 (HY‐103706, MCE), 10 μM of the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (HY‐15723A, MCE), 5 μM of the N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin (HY‐12534, MCE), 30 μM of the Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666 (HY‐16926, MCE), 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099 (HY‐124306; MedChemExpress), or vehicle control.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Incubation, Activation Assay, Pull Down Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging

    Schematic model of APPNEVs carrying APOE downregulate F‐actin polymerization signaling to inhibit synapse formation in AD. During AD progression, EVs derived from APP/PS1 neurons transport APOE into healthy neurons, potentially interacting with neuronal APOE receptors (LRP1, LDLR, VLDLR) to transduction the signaling. This signaling inhibits Rac1‐GTP activation and subsequently downregulates F‐actin polymerization through the Rac1–N‐WASP–Arp2/3 pathway. Disruption of this pathway impairs mature synapse formation, ultimately converting healthy neurons into synaptically damaged neurons and exacerbating AD progression.

    Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

    Article Title: Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles Carrying APOE Downregulate Filament Actin Polymerization Signaling to Inhibit Synapse Formation in Alzheimer's Disease

    doi: 10.1002/jev2.70248

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic model of APPNEVs carrying APOE downregulate F‐actin polymerization signaling to inhibit synapse formation in AD. During AD progression, EVs derived from APP/PS1 neurons transport APOE into healthy neurons, potentially interacting with neuronal APOE receptors (LRP1, LDLR, VLDLR) to transduction the signaling. This signaling inhibits Rac1‐GTP activation and subsequently downregulates F‐actin polymerization through the Rac1–N‐WASP–Arp2/3 pathway. Disruption of this pathway impairs mature synapse formation, ultimately converting healthy neurons into synaptically damaged neurons and exacerbating AD progression.

    Article Snippet: Neurons were cultured for 14 DIV (days in vitro) and treated with 10 μg/mL APPNEVs or WTNEVs, 1 μM of the APOE inhibitor EZ‐482 (HY‐103706, MCE), 10 μM of the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (HY‐15723A, MCE), 5 μM of the N‐WASP inhibitor Wiskostatin (HY‐12534, MCE), 30 μM of the Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666 (HY‐16926, MCE), 25 nM Rac1 activator ML‐099 (HY‐124306; MedChemExpress), or vehicle control.

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Transduction, Activation Assay, Disruption